{"id":2656,"date":"2022-11-11T06:57:05","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T11:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/blog\/?p=2656"},"modified":"2023-12-08T15:40:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T15:40:13","slug":"causas-da-phda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/blog\/tdah-phda\/causas-da-phda\/","title":{"rendered":"Causas da PHDA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quais s\u00e3o as causas da perturba\u00e7\u00e3o de d\u00e9fice de aten\u00e7\u00e3o e hiperatividade? Os factores gen\u00e9ticos e ambientais influenciam o desenvolvimento da PHDA, tal como acontece com outras perturba\u00e7\u00f5es psiqui\u00e1tricas do desenvolvimento. A investiga\u00e7\u00e3o confirma que a perturba\u00e7\u00e3o de d\u00e9fice de aten\u00e7\u00e3o e hiperatividade \u00e9 um problema familiar. A sua taxa de hereditariedade est\u00e1 estimada em 76%, uma das mais elevadas entre as perturba\u00e7\u00f5es psiqui\u00e1tricas. As condi\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o gen\u00e9ticas tamb\u00e9m desempenham um papel no <strong>desenvolvimento da PH<\/strong>DA, como por exemplo<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>stress perinatal;<\/li>\n<li>baixo peso \u00e0 nascen\u00e7a;<\/li>\n<li>danos no sistema nervoso central;<\/li>\n<li>tabagismo, consumo de drogas, consumo de \u00e1lcool, ingest\u00e3o materna de drogas psicoactivas durante a gravidez<\/li>\n<li>priva\u00e7\u00e3o emocional precoce grave;<\/li>\n<li>exposi\u00e7\u00e3o do feto ou da crian\u00e7a no in\u00edcio da vida a toxinas ambientais, por exemplo, chumbo, pesticidas, bifenilos policlorados.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O aparecimento de <strong>sintomas de PHDA<\/strong> \u00e9 explicado, entre outros, pela teoria de Russel Barkley. Segundo este autor, o desenvolvimento dos sintomas da perturba\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 relacionado com um d\u00e9fice das fun\u00e7\u00f5es inibit\u00f3rias e de controlo do sistema nervoso central. As consequ\u00eancias do d\u00e9fice inibit\u00f3rio s\u00e3o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>atividade motora excessiva;<\/li>\n<li>impulsividade;<\/li>\n<li>aumento da metaestabilidade da aten\u00e7\u00e3o;<\/li>\n<li>falta de mon\u00f3logo interno para a auto-instru\u00e7\u00e3o durante a atividade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>O d\u00e9fice de inibi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 uma carater\u00edstica temperamental geneticamente determinada ou o resultado de uma les\u00e3o das estruturas cerebrais respons\u00e1veis pelo controlo do comportamento. Os estudos de neuroimagem confirmam a exist\u00eancia de diferen\u00e7as na estrutura e no funcionamento do c\u00e9rebro das <strong>crian\u00e7as com PHDA<\/strong>. Foram demonstradas altera\u00e7\u00f5es no tamanho, na propor\u00e7\u00e3o, no fluxo sangu\u00edneo e no metabolismo do c\u00f3rtex pr\u00e9-frontal, dos n\u00facleos basais, do grande espir\u00e1culo e do cerebelo.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Fonte \/ Bibilografia<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>https:\/\/www.damian.pl\/zdrowie-psychiczne\/adhd\/<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quais s\u00e3o as causas da perturba\u00e7\u00e3o de d\u00e9fice de aten\u00e7\u00e3o e hiperatividade? Os factores gen\u00e9ticos e ambientais influenciam o desenvolvimento da PHDA, tal como acontece&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2646,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[780],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Causas da PHDA - Teste mental<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/blog\/tdah-phda\/causas-da-phda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Causas da PHDA - Teste mental\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quais s\u00e3o as causas da perturba\u00e7\u00e3o de d\u00e9fice de aten\u00e7\u00e3o e hiperatividade? 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