{"id":500,"date":"2022-08-02T08:00:33","date_gmt":"2022-08-02T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.diagnostyka-umyslu.pl\/blog\/?p=500"},"modified":"2023-12-08T18:07:15","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T18:07:15","slug":"investigacao-sobre-a-dislexia-panorama-historico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/blog\/dislexia\/investigacao-sobre-a-dislexia-panorama-historico\/","title":{"rendered":"Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia &#8211; Panorama hist\u00f3rico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O ano de 1896 marca o in\u00edcio da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia do desenvolvimento, quando W. P. Morgan, um oftalmologista ingl\u00eas, publicou no British Medical Journal a descri\u00e7\u00e3o do primeiro caso de incapacidade de leitura num rapaz de 14 anos com um desenvolvimento intelectual normal. Percy &#8211; pois era esse o nome do rapaz &#8211; era brilhante, inteligente, \u00e1gil e em nada inferior aos seus colegas.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;Tinha grande dificuldade [&#8230;] em dominar a arte da leitura [&#8230;]. As palavras escritas ou impressas pareciam n\u00e3o atingir a consci\u00eancia do rapaz e s\u00f3 quando lidas em voz alta \u00e9 que adquiriam significado para ele. \u00c9 poss\u00edvel que esta perturba\u00e7\u00e3o seja cong\u00e9nita&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Morgan referiu-se \u00e0s dificuldades observadas no rapaz de 14 anos como &#8220;cegueira cong\u00e9nita das palavras&#8221; (ibid). Desde a primeira publica\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/espectro-de-dislexia\">dislexia<\/a>, em 1896, at\u00e9 \u00e0 monografia de 1917, Congenital Word-Blindness, de J. Hinshelwood, decorreu o primeiro per\u00edodo da hist\u00f3ria da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia. Foi uma \u00e9poca de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e registo dos sintomas da dislexia sob a forma de publica\u00e7\u00f5es que inclu\u00edam relatos de casos, o que contribuiu grandemente para a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de dificuldades espec\u00edficas de leitura e escrita em crian\u00e7as como uma unidade nozol\u00f3gica. No segundo per\u00edodo, que durou da Primeira \u00e0 Segunda Guerra Mundial, a investiga\u00e7\u00e3o deslocou-se da Europa para os Estados Unidos. A aten\u00e7\u00e3o centrou-se ent\u00e3o nas causas profundas da dislexia, a chamada etiologia. Em 1925, o m\u00e9dico americano S. T. Orton chamou a aten\u00e7\u00e3o dos neuropatologistas e psiquiatras para o facto de que mesmo as crian\u00e7as sem sinais detect\u00e1veis de les\u00f5es ou defeitos cerebrais t\u00eam s\u00e9rios problemas para aprender a ler e a escrever. S. T. Orton \u00e9 reconhecido como um pioneiro da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia. Foi tamb\u00e9m o inspirador e co-desenvolvedor dos primeiros programas de terapia pedag\u00f3gica em casos de dificuldades espec\u00edficas de aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. Um terceiro per\u00edodo de investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia data da Segunda Guerra Mundial. \u00c9 dominado pela investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre as causas directas (os chamados patomecanismos) da dislexia. Os sistemas de apoio terap\u00eautico e de cuidados s\u00e3o desenvolvidos de forma intensiva. A coopera\u00e7\u00e3o interdisciplinar entre representantes de diferentes disciplinas cient\u00edficas resultou numa posi\u00e7\u00e3o comum, assumindo uma polietiologia e m\u00faltiplos patomecanismos da dislexia. A unanimidade tamb\u00e9m foi alcan\u00e7ada em termos de terminologia. O termo mais comum para as dificuldades espec\u00edficas de aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita \u00e9 dislexia de desenvolvimento. Apenas nos pa\u00edses de l\u00edngua alem\u00e3 \u00e9 utilizado o termo legastenia.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Fontes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em>http:\/\/www.czasopismoippis.up.krakow.pl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Anna-SZKOLAK-ST%C4%98PIE%C5%83.pdf<\/em> * Artyku\u0142 napisany na podstawie monografii Anny Szkolak-St\u0119pie\u0144 pt. Nauczyciele wczesnej edukacji wobec problemu diagnozowania specyficznych trudno\u015bci w uczeniu si\u0119 (2017)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O ano de 1896 marca o in\u00edcio da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia do desenvolvimento, quando W. P. Morgan, um oftalmologista ingl\u00eas, publicou no British Medical&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":520,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia - Panorama hist\u00f3rico - Teste mental<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.testes-online.org\/blog\/dislexia\/investigacao-sobre-a-dislexia-panorama-historico\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia - Panorama hist\u00f3rico - Teste mental\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O ano de 1896 marca o in\u00edcio da investiga\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a dislexia do desenvolvimento, quando W. 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